Skin cancer is one of the most common types of cancer, but early detection and prevention can help reduce the risk of serious disease, according to Dr. Lauren Hughey, clinical professor at the UAB Heersink School of Medicine and founder of Renew Dermatology in Birmingham.
Hughey spoke to CCHS faculty, residents and medical students about the recognition, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of skin cancer during the Dr. Joe W. and Virginia Hursey O’Neal Endowed Lecture.
“Skin cancer occurs when abnormal skin cells grow out of control, often as a result of damage caused by ultraviolet radiation from the sun or indoor tanning,” Hughey said. “While some skin cancers can be treated successfully when found early, others can spread to other parts of the body and become life-threatening.”
Common types of skin cancer include basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma and melanoma. Basal cell carcinoma may look like a pearly or pink bump, a scaly patch or a scar-like area. Squamous cell carcinoma can appear as a scaly or thickened growth. Melanoma, the most serious form of skin cancer, may develop as an unusual, pigmented spot or lesion that changes in size, shape or color.
“Early detection is important because the earlier we identify skin cancers, the more options we have for treatment,” Hughey said.
Dermoscopy, which allows clinicians to examine skin lesions more closely, can help identify areas that may need further evaluation. A biopsy may also be needed to determine whether a suspicious lesion is cancerous. Treatment depends on the type and location of the cancer and can range from topical medications and liquid nitrogen to surgical removal.
Skin conditions can also be linked to underlying health concerns. Hughney said that cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, for example, can initially resemble eczema, while dermatomyositis can cause skin changes and muscle weakness and may be associated with underlying cancer.
Recognizing these signs can help providers identify when further evaluation may be needed, particularly when skin changes are persistent or unusual.
Hughey also emphasized the importance of protecting the skin from ultraviolet radiation. She recommended using broad-spectrum sunscreen that protects against both UVA and UVB rays, wearing protective clothing, limiting time in the sun during peak hours and reapplying sunscreen regularly.
The use of indoor tanning beds can also be a cause for concern when it comes to protecting the skin. Hughey addressed misconceptions about tanning beds, including the belief that they are safer than natural sunlight or that a base tan can prevent sunburn.
“Tanning beds are not safer than the sun,” she said. “Avoiding indoor tanning and protecting your skin from ultraviolet radiation are important steps in reducing that risk.”
Patients should become familiar with their own skin and perform regular self-examinations. Routine skin checks with a dermatologist can help identify suspicious changes, while primary care providers can play an important role in recognizing lesions and referring patients for further evaluation.
Established in 2008, Dr. Joe W. O’Neal created the endowed lecture to support the teaching of cancer prevention and early detection at CCHS, particularly as it relates to breast cancer, to honor the memory of his wife, Mrs. Virginia Hursey O’Neal.